Trinidad And Tobagos Banking Industry Analysis

Trinidad And Tobagos Banking Industry Analysis The financial business in Trinidad and Tobago has fairly changed in the previous barely any years. This brought about the section of certain banks and the reemergence of others. This paper deliberately investigations the current vital situation of one of the significant banks, First Citizens (FC). First Citizens Bank is an individual from the First Citizens Group, which comprises of: First Citizens Bank Limited First Citizens Asset Management Limited First Citizens Trustee Services Limited First Citizens (St. Lucia) Limited First Citizens Securities Trading Limited Caribbean Money Market Brokers (CMMB) For the motivations behind this paper, First Citizens Banks current procedures that are being used to accomplish its objective are basically broke down alongside its inside and outside condition, which set up the powers that drives change and the key achievement factors that continues upper hand. Every one of these elements offer ascent to the SWOT investigation of the bank, which coordinates the bank assets and abilities to the serious condition in which it works. 1.2 Background FC Bank is the main indigenous bank of Trinidad and Tobago and was shaped in 1993 out of the amalgamation of three bombed monetary establishments in particular: The Workers Bank of Trinidad and Tobago 1989 Ltd, Trinidad Co-employable Bank Ltd and The National Commercial Bank Ltd. It is the third biggest bank in Trinidad and Tobago and the quickest developing. Throughout the years, FC Bank has gotten one of the locales driving and most powerful budgetary item and specialist co-ops. This position is additionally fortified by the obtaining of CMMB one year back. The authorities heartiness at the bank has advocated the business in innovation, imaginative item contributions and productivity, which earned them various honors, with the latest being World Finance magazine Best Bank, Trinidad and Tobago 2009. 2.0 DEFINING THE INDUSTRY The financial business is a piece of the Financial Services Sector, which is exceptionally managed by the Financial Act of Trinidad and Tobago. The Financial Services industry includes credit associations, venture banks, insurance agencies, common assets and so on. All the previously mentioned offers comparable administrations as retail banking according to a customary bank, yet the Commercial Banking Sector comprises of every single monetary organization allowed the Financial Services Act and affirmed by the Central Bank. There are various business banks endorsed by the Central Bank and enrolled under the demonstration, these include: First Citizens Bank Limited Republic Bank constrained (RBL) Illustrious Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (RBTT) Scotiabank Limited Citibank (Trinidad and Tobago) Limited First Caribbean International Bank Intercommercial Bank Bank of Baroda With the end goal of this paper, this would be characterized as the business and would be the premise on which investigation is made. 3.0 ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Vision, Mission and Objectives of First Citizens First Citizens vision is To turn into the most serious gathering in Trinidad and Tobago with an entrenched global nearness. While the mission is to manufacture a profoundly beneficial monetary administrations establishment famous for creativity, administration greatness and sound corporate administration. To accomplish the point FC centers around consistent improvement of frameworks and items, constructing a solid base of information and gifted specialists and making vital associations in key parts that increase the value of the establishment. The mission is supported by the fundamental beliefs, which help the representatives in the accomplishment of the mission. The basic beliefs are: Pledge to greatness Pledge to clients Pledge to uprightness Pledge to monetary quality Pledge to workers Pledge to consistent improvement The principle goal of the bank is to improve productivity with a significant spotlight on its arrival on value. The fundamental goal is bolstered by auxiliary destinations, which are: Utilizing Technology to make trust in the banks frameworks and methodology Lessening overheads costs while all the while expanding incomes Forcefully expanding resources, credits and reserve base Enlarging the scope of items and administrations essentially in the region of web and portable (electronic) banking Improving First Citizens chance administration Improving the Groups picture and administration quality Developing the human asset fitness These destinations are evaluated utilizing the parity scorecard, which sets explicit targets should have been accomplished so as to accomplish the associations goals. So as to accomplish the goals, each branch administrator, division and unit is required to create a decent score card, which in the long run wholes to the general directional scorecard. 3.2 Strategy All together for the vision, crucial goals of FC to become operational procedures must be actualized. Figure shows the arrangement of First Citizens procedures with its vision. The utilization of the gatherings balance has made procedure making and authoritative coordination mirror the top-down way where system is created and imparted. The banks existing methodologies is summed up utilizing Ansoffs Directional Matrix (see figure). From the Directional Matrix, FC Banks expansion methodology represents the Banks push into a more extensive and increasingly serious industry. This is shows that limits that different conventional banking from other kind of monetary administrations are being dispensed with, this is likewise a pointer of the business in its development stage (demonstrated in a later part). In spite of the fact that the technique is that of enhancement it includes an expansive market scope. The methodology includes utilizing innovation to give phenomenal client assistance particularly since FC is in every case first to showcase. It is the mechanical progression, that is the banks center competency and a few highlights (versatile retail location) gives it its particular ability. 4.0 THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT All associations are inseparably connected with its outer condition, paying little mind to the nation to which it has a place. This affiliation impacts how the association works and the items or administrations gave. The outer powers may encourage or hinder authoritative execution and may shape limits with which the association can work. These powers shape how the association characterizes itself and how it verbalizes its objectives, goals and techniques. An examination of the outer condition helps with understanding the powers or factors that shape the association. 4.1 PEST Analysis Vermin examinations the outer large scale condition in which an association works, in light of political, prudent, social and innovative elements. These components are outside the ability to control of the association however should be considered in figuring the procedures of the association. Vermin Analysis for First Citizens The Political atmosphere of Trinidad and Tobago has remained very steady in the course of recent years. This has prompted usage of enactments that improved effectiveness and decreased costs (banking expenses) in the Banking division, yet have additionally diminished edges and charge salary. The most recent enactment executed is the Anti-illegal tax avoidance enactment, in which the greater part of the nations in this district is receiving. This law has looked to expand the straightforwardness of banks and endeavors to bring down the credit dangers of the nation in which the bill is executed. The financial business throughout the years has progressively advanced; this development has prompted the opening of the financial business (locally) or unwinding of section necessity for huge outside banks, for instance, the passage of the Bank of Baroda. This has prompted further broadening of the financial division that definitely breeds rivalry. Be that as it may, in spite of the fact that op position makes development, this undermines the benefit of the current banks in the market as bigger more promoted banks can undermine the nearby banks and abatement their market size. These remote banks work as misfortune pioneers to take piece of the pie and further lessening chance in a previously immersed advertise. Thus, as of late there have been reemergence of banks into the segment for example First Caribbean International Bank (FCIB). Besides, FC is possessed the administration which propose that there is moderate dynamic in the association notwithstanding, the legislature can be the primary borrower available. The universes economy, in the course of recent years, has encountered a downturn, which saw numerous nations GDP decrease that brought about assertion of downturn and the dive of oil costs, which unfavorably influenced the financial business of most nations. Nonetheless, all markers point towards progress in the economy however it might be moderate. The impacts of the economy has prompted banks lessening financing costs and expenses so as to decrease the measure of credit defaults and increment monetary movement trying to support the economy. The improvement of the economy will see item costs improving which will build incomes and monetary movement, which will grant a more noteworthy potential for loaning and obtaining by banks. Nonetheless, there is a danger of coming back to inflationary weights with going with expanding financing costs. The mal-impacts of the downturn has prompted expanded joblessness which expanded credit defaults, anyway there have been some renegotiating of adv ances trying to diminish defaults. As indicated by the Central Bank Governor, in the business area of the Guardian Newspaper, if the monetary development is more slow than before, banking organization will be compelled to unite to accomplish economies of scale. This decreases rivalry in an industry, in which rivalry breeds development and Socially, wrongdoing is viewed as a two edged blade since it makes an open door for banks to fund security organizations; be that as it may, it has prompted the exit of numerous entrepreneurs and in this way capital. A horror rate can hurt the countrys foreig

Assessment centre exercises

Appraisal focus works out Acquaintance Hiring the correct individual with tackle a specific activity is extremely critical to any association. Recruiting an inappropriate individual can without much of a stretch ruin the company’s believability and can even cost the organization a great deal of cash. For quite a while, most associations have depended on the conventional technique for meeting a candidate.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Assessment focus practices explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is on the grounds that directing an individual meeting isn't just viewed as modest for the organization yet that it doesn't likewise require some investment. In any case, investigate has demonstrated that the conventional strategy for directing individual meetings can never again be depended upon to employ standout applicants. The utilization of appraisal focuses have generally been pushed for with most analysts contending that it is the main dependable choice strate gy that an organization can embrace to employ the most elite. Franks et.al. (1998) express that practically 60% of British associations have come about to appraisal focus practices for their choice procedure. In any case, how viable is the utilization of appraisal focus activities to enlist a certified competitor and is it the most reasonable strategy to test an applicant? The contention has evoked blended responses regarding the legitimacy of evaluation focuses with some contending that the focuses are not so much successful while others keep up that the utilization of appraisal focuses is the best innovation that occured for the business world. This paper is in this way planned for looking into some companion explored diary articles that appear to have an alternate interpretation of the issue. Writing Review Abraham, Morrison and Burnett (2006) contend that: ‘assessment focuses and conduct reproductions are among the best indicators of occupation execution and profession pro gress accessible to employers’ (p.383). This is ascribed to the way that the utilization of evaluation focus practices upgrade the aptitudes and the abilities of the representatives and it is one of the most fitting methodology to quantify their potential.Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has been made conceivable as the up-and-comer is required to introduce some type of proof to help their appropriateness claims (Jennifer and Duncan 2005). In their broadly looked into article, Abraham, Morrison and Burnett (2006) further contend that despite the fact that the productivity of evaluation focus practices have generally inquired about upon, it isn't yet clear how helpful they are in the business improvement. This is on the grounds that most examinations center around the adequacy of appraisal focuses and its job in representative advancement has not been a bided upon broadly. This leaves a wide hole on how powerful the technique is. Malde (2006) on his part addresses the legitimacy of evaluation focuses and its job. He presents a substantial contention that despite the fact that evaluation communities has generally been applauded, it doesn't generally satisfy his cases. In his article, he asserts that the appraisal community is careless enough as to not think about the interests of the competitor. He appear to offer a contrasting input on the adequacy of evaluation focus in general. He contends that despite the fact that the strategy for determination is truly outstanding to choose the best applicant, the interests of the up-and-comer ought to likewise be included in the process so as to close on the issue of adequacy. In his view, the interests of the applicant undertaking the activities ought to be placed into thought as that of the association. He contends that the exhibition of the competitor will undoubtedly decrease in future. F or what reason is this so? He underpins his contention by contending that simply like in the conventional appraisal gadgets that have prior been received, the up-and-comer is out to satisfy the determination assessors in order to land that position. With the economy crunch hitting the world, one will undoubtedly move to any tune played in order to get their direction. The interests of the up-and-comers are totally disregarded consequently prompting execution decrease in future when the applicant become familiar with what he is doing. In any case, Thornton and Gibbons (2009) appear to vary with the contention introduced by Malde. In their all around examined article, they express that: ‘the by and large appraisal rating in evaluation focus practice predicts execution later on in some predefined occupation or set of jobs’ (p. 171).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Assessment focus practices explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is o n the grounds that the activities involved in the evaluation community harp on elements, for example, content representativeness. The assessor is especially enthused about the fittingness of the substance. This is made conceivable as the competitor is made to experience a few activities, for example, filling in polls and sharing knowledge tests while the assessors depend on a few different strategies to test the reasonableness of the applicant. The profession accomplishment of the competitor from the evaluation community practices has additionally been bantered upon. Jansen and Vinkenburg (2006) anticipated the viability of evaluation focus practices on the achievement of the applicant in future. In their examination, they inspected the pattern of achievement for a time of 13 years so as to survey the legitimacy and viability of the appraisal community in future vocation movement of the competitor. The creators depended on the time of section and residency as control measures and pa st investigations that had been led so as to determine the legitimacy of appraisal focus activities to choose an applicant and the achievement of that specific competitor in future. In spite of the fact that they presume that the technique was for sure compelling following quite a while of examination, they rush to bring up that the legitimacy design was to be sure unique. They contended that the evaluation place framework was progressively successful for competitors in their initial vocations and their legitimacy expanded throughout the years rather than those up-and-comers who were late in their profession lives. They likewise contended that the various kinds of procedures utilized in appraisal focuses can be a contributing component to the future accomplishment of the candidate.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More It is hence apparent that various sorts of strategies applied in the appraisal places assume a major job to decide its legitimacy. The most well-known procedures applied incorporate meetings, in-bin works out, filling a poll, business games, initiative gathering conversation, projective tests, drawing self-portraying portrayals and paper and pencil tests. Luo and Meng (2005) holds the conclusion that the legitimacy of evaluation focus relies upon various reviewing measurements received in the determination procedure. In their investigation, they inspected the varying consequences for the legitimacy of evaluation focus utilizing the leaderless gathering conversations, pretending and in-bin works out. The leaderless gathering conversation is a method that requires the possibility to work in a gathering. The up-and-comers are given composed or spoken directions to be surveyed upon. The job of the assessor at this stage is to survey the quantifiable conduct of the competitors, for exampl e, how they keep in touch, their non-verbal communication or their association in the gathering. The leaderless gathering conversation is precarious as it calls for competitors who have incredible administration and relational abilities. The pretending or recreation method then again is the place the competitors are required to assume a specific job in an arranged scene to test their reaction to specific circumstances. This is to improve their pretending abilities in the association. The in-crate method is exceptional as it requires the contender to attempt a job in odd occasions and inside the most brief time conceivable. This estimates the dependability of the competitor in the association in the event that he is recruited. The three strategies were estimated more than once in various measurements (Luo and Meng 2005). The finish of the investigation was that the conduct capacity methods were more powerful than the mental characteristic procedures. This examination was upheld in a comparable finding that deliberate the effect of strategies on appraisal focuses. In their discoveries, Mark and David (2006) contended that however the utilization of different strategies assumed a major job in assessing the perfect contender for the activity, the adequacy of evaluation focus changed in the kind of strategy applied. By and by, explicit undertaking based methods have profoundly been appraised as to build the evaluations in evaluation focuses (Jackson, Stillman and Atkins 2005). The utilization of self-appraisal in evaluation focuses has additionally been pushed for in various investigations as a successful technique for assessment. Franks et.al. (1998) contend that: ‘Most of the exploration in this field has taken a gander at the adequacy of crude self-appraisals all alone and not simply the relative significance evaluation in contrast with different records of appraisal (p.124). In their article, they express that self-appraisal exactness can be resolved eith er through over-estimation, under-estimation and ideal precision of the applicant. This not just guide the self-awareness of the competitor yet in addition helps in the viability of the evaluation community result. It additionally improves mindfulness and learning of the up-and-comer. Conversation The legitimacy of evaluation focus practices is extremely basic to any association that desires to incorporate it in its determination procedure. In any case, it is obvious that most discoveries neglect to address the shortcomings of this technique and just focus on the qualities. In spite of the fact that the discoveries by Malde (2006) appear to veer off from the discoveries of other researc

Comparison/Contrast: Baroque and Rocco

Extravagant and Rococo were two imaginative developments that spread over the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years with Baroque starting things out. Despite the fact that they were diverse period, both have stood the trial of time and the works that were created are as yet appreciated today. Rococo was the creative development begun in Italy in sixteen hundred and was upheld by the congregation on account of the strict topics that were the focal point of the centerpieces. Notwithstanding, Rococo was an intricate style that was well known in eighteenth century France. The commitments to craftsmanship made during these two periods were amazingly well known in their times.The Baroque time of the seventeenth century, concentrated on Christian strict subjects and the emotional happenings in their lives. The scenes were portrayed in unbelievable and great manners. The respectability in Italy considered Baroque to be and design as an approach to dazzle others. The more strict an ind ividual was could be appeared through the craftsmanship and in this way exhibited power. The engineering was great with focal yards for engaging just as reflection and love. Banquet halls and excellent flights of stairs commanded the homes.The craftsmanship and engineering was extravagant and elaborate. One specific painter that painted during the Baroque Period, however was not Italian and didn't utilize strict subjects was Diego Velazquez. His work of art of The Toilet of Venus is one of the main nudes painted during this period that exist. Most were demolished by the Spanish Inquisition, however Velazquez’s perfect work of art was spared from decimation. Despite the fact that the work of art must be viewed as strict on the off chance that one were taking a gander at a polytheistic culture, it can even now delineate the characteristic excellence of the bare body as made by God.Rococo resembled Baroque in that it was rich and definite. Be that as it may, Rococo was not const rained to strict topics. With the adjustment in rule to Louis XV, Rococo was the new style to beautify the royal residences. The insides were elaborate with the new utilization of the shell bend as an improvement. Truth be told the bend was utilized in the entirety of the artistic creations of the time just as the utilization of sensitive hues. Jean †Antoine Watteau was the ideal case of a craftsman who fused the entirety of the styles of the French roused imaginative movement.His painting The Embarkation for Cythera is an ideal case of this style. In it the hues are fragile to the point that occasionally the subjects are obscured instead of to make cruel lines. The subjects are intricately exhibited even on this excursion. Both the Baroque and the Rococo masterful periods were appeared in the video. As a result of the portrayals and models utilized, it was anything but difficult to see the distinctions of the two developments, yet in addition how one based on another. The data introduced was justifiable and educational.

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Easy Topics for Essay Writing Exposed

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Easy Topics for Essay Writing Exposed Therefore, the organization should offer to repair the paper until you're happy with the outcome. For instance, researching a wide topic like business management'' is difficult since there can be hundreds of sources on all facets of business administration. For your company rise and development, marketing is important. Hence marketing assignment writings can assist you in creating a substantial and powerful promotional plan for your company that could support your organization targets. The Birth of Easy Topics for Essay Writing Odds are you might do a poorly written paper which may force you to perform badly. Creating an essay might not be as hard as you believe. Work is performed under various Subjects each headed by means of a Referee. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Individuals also tend to relish reading about controversial topics. Therefor e, many students and employees decide to purchase cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Online Tutoring is a perfect solution for such parents. Quite frequently, students do not understand how and where to begin writing. Business students looking for academic paper topics have a wonderful number of subjects to pick from. Needless to say, picking the ideal topic for your research paper is the initial and most vital step on the best way to writing the paper itself. It's possible to locate decent research paper topics without putting an excessive amount of effort into the search. Keep on reading, and you'll learn how to locate a great research paper topic to your liking with ample info on its account. You might be given the topic straight away by your professor, or maybe you be free to decide on the topic yourself. If you're writing a depression research paper and you don't feel quite certain where to begin, the following are a few topics that you might need to think about. Otherwise, a friend who's knowledgeable about science topics are sometimes a great resource, too. As long since it is linked to your distinct region of study, it ought to be guaranteed to be the correct topic for you. If you're at a college or university and you live on or around campus then you may benefit from face-to-face meetings. Finding the Best Easy Topics for Essay Writing The computer scans the proper spelling of a word, but it's a homonym with the incorrect meaning for your sentence. You aren't going to find two similar essays and assignments that eventually nobody can use any and all sorts of homework. One thing which you ought to keep in mind whilst writing character analysis is that you're not asked to write summary or review the book. Before the writing, it is essential to draw an outline sketch that wil l help you determine how you are going to plan your work in a logical sequence. Understand your topic well and make sure that you explain your points in easy and understandable language. Don't forget, your article should be cohesive, and a superb draft will help you in achieving it. Try out another topic and do the exact 5-minute writing test till you locate a topic you know it is simple to write on. Set the keyword in the initial 3-5 words and ensure your title is related to the content of the ezine article. Our writers make certain all your demands are met to get the standard of papers you want. The multiple topics could possibly be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. Two sentences are usually enough. For instance, you won't use the identical language for an essay on murder which you would use for a humorous topic.

E Commerce Powerhouse Ebay Is Known Internationally As A...

E-Commerce powerhouse Ebay is known internationally as a leader in the market. The company was founded by Pierre Omidyar in 1995 in San Francisco Originally eBay went by the name Auction Web and was launched with the purpose of enabling site users/consumers with the ability to trade unique items with each other. Under eBay’s business model, of the time a seller would place an item on eBay’s site with a minimum bid set for the buyer and the duration specified for auctioning that item. The services were provided by eBay free of charge. The free services however, did not last long as the site quickly gained popularity and garnered a lot of web traffic. As interest in eBay and conducting business on the site began to grow eBay started†¦show more content†¦eBay, thereby had become one of the most visited sites on the web. With the company growing at an exponential rate Skoll and Omidyar knew that they need to garner venture capital. So, in 1997, Omidyar and Skoll approached the U.S venture capital firm Benchmark. They were able to broker a deal and Benchmark endowed eBay with $ 5 million with the stipulation that Benchmark be given a 22 percent stake in the company. With the help of Benchmark Omidyar and Skoll were able to bring onboard David Beirne and Robert Kagle to service operations, as well as Meg Whitman an MBA Harvard graduate as CEO for the company. As CEO of the Company, Whitman spearheaded the eBay Initial Public Offering (IPO) where the company sold over 4 million shares of the business to the public at $18 per share. With new found revenue and continued success, eBay decided to expand the scope of its business and acquired Butterfield Butterfield. Butterfield Butterfield is one of the world’s largest and most prestigious auction houses specializing in fine arts and irreplaceable collectables. Acquisition of Butterfield Butterfield allowed eBay to launch another segment of their business called eBay Great Collections’. EBay Great Collections’ abetted eBay in capitalizing on a very unique but very lucrative segment of consumers which was antique collectors. This deal between eBay and Butterflied and Butterflied also ushered in a brand new era of mega deals between eBay and several

St. Augustine s Confessions - 984 Words

Essay #2 Topic #3 Faith operates in a unique way by providing the average, the noble, or the distasteful with a means to understand the world we inhabit. However, our worldly experiences also operate as a means to understanding the complexities of our faith. For St. Augustine, faith provides more questions than answers, but consequently leads to his life as a bishop and eventually sainthood. For some, however, the Bible provides the answers to all the questions that go unanswered by common sense. In St. Augustine’s Confessions, Augustine is able to further understand himself and his faith in Christ by reflecting on anecdotes of his past. Conversely, the Bible’s use of etiology provides spiritual justification for physical realities. In St. Augustine’s Confessions, Augustine’s worldly experiences throughout his autobiography are crucial to his understanding of Christianity. Augustine reflects on his childhood experience of stealing pears from his neighbors to understand his sinful nature. Augustine struggles to understand his motivation for taking the pears when he knows that the pears are not necessarily better than those at his own home. He finally recognizes that this transgression is of the most wicked nature because he was sinning for the sake of sinning. â€Å"Now let my heart tell you what it was seeking there in that I became evil for no reason. I had no motive for my wickedness except wickedness itself†(29). By reflecting on a worldly experience, he is able to reach aShow MoreRelatedSt. Augustine s Confessions1914 Words   |  8 PagesSt. Augustine was a theologian and philosopher born in Africa to St. Monica. Although he is now known as a an incredibly influential Christian writer and thinker, his early years were defined by rebellion and discord that did not, in the least, reflect Christianity or the values that he is now known for supporting. 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For instance, in Confessions, the pear tree is depicted as a sin, a symbol of pleasure—Saint Augustine’s original sin. How so? Well, stealing the pears with his friends is Saint Augustine’s first memory of sinning. Saint Augustine sees a parallel connection between the pear tree and the tree of theRead MoreSt. Augustine s Confessions1607 Words   |  7 Pages Saint Augustine’s â€Å"Confessions† is an extremely important book, not only for the reason it is the very first, or one of the first spiritual biographies, but because Augustine was and continues to be one of the most important Christian theologians in history. His biography reflects his views on Christian scripture and theology as well as his personal journey on how he came to be a part of the Christian faith. 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In Book VIII.xi (29) the reader finds St. Augustine in a state of despair and anguish because of his ongoing internal struggle between his mind and body. Afterwards, he undergoes a surreal experience

Shakespeare, William The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare, William: The Taming of the Shrew Essay The Taming of the Shrew The Taming Of The Shrew by William Shakespeare is probably one of Shakespeares earliest comedies. Its plot is derived from the popular war of the sexes theme in which males and females are pitted against one another for dominance in marriage. The play begins with an induction in which a drunkard, Christopher Sly, is fooled intobelieving he is a king and has a play performed for him. The play he watches is what constitutes the main body of The Taming Of The Shrew. In it, a wealthy land owner, Baptista Minola, attempts to have his two daughters married. One is very shrewish, Katherine, while the other is the beautiful and gentle Bianca. In order to ensure Katherine is married, Baptistadisallows Bianca to be espoused until Katherine is wed, forcing the many suitors to Bianca tofind a mate for Katherine in order for them to vie for Biancas love. Many critics of theplay condemn it for the blatant sexist attitude it has toward women but closer examinationof the play and the intricacies of its structure reveal that it is not merely a story of howmen should put women in their place. The play is, in fact, a comedy about an assertive womancoping with how she is expected to act in the society of the late sixteenth century and of how one must obey the unwritten rules of a society to be accepted in it. Although the play ends with her outwardly conforming to the norms of society, this is in action only, not in mind. Although she assumes the role of the obedient wife, inwardly she still retains her assertiveness. Most of the plays humour comes from the way in which characters create false realities by disguising themselves as other people, a device first introduced in the induction. Initiallythis is accomplished by having Christopher Sly believe he is someone he is not and then by having the main play performed for him. By putting The Taming Of The Shrew in a play within a play structure, Shakespeare immediately lets the audience know that the play is not realthus making all events in the play false realities. Almost all characters in the play take on identities other than their own at some point of time during the play. Sly as a king, Tranio as Lucentio, Lucentio as Cambio, Hortensio as Litio and the pedant as Vicentio are all examplesof this. Another example of this is Katherine as an obedient wife. In The Taming Of The Shrew, courtship and marriage are not so much the result of love but rather an institution of society thatpeople are expected to take part in. As a result of the removal of romance from marriage, suitorsare judged, not by their love for a woman, but by how well they can provide for her. All suitorscompare the dowry each can bring to the marriage and the one with the most to offer wins the womans hand in marriage. This competition for marriage is like a game to the characters of the play. While discussing the courtship of Bianca with Gremio, Hortensio says He that runs fastest gets The ring (Act I, scene i, l. 140-141) likening receiving permission to wed Bianca to winninga race. In the game, however, women are treated like objects that can be bought and sold rather than as human beings. This is expected since the society is a patriarchal one. For example, Lucentio, Tranio and Petruchio are all defined with reference to their fathers and all the elderly authority figures, like Baptista and Vicentio, are men. The taming of Katherine is not a womensshrewishness being cured as much as it is a woman being taught the rules of the patriarchalgame. Katherine h as learned how to be assertive and with this knowledge is able to control men, and a woman controlling a man is considered against the rules of the game. The play ends with Katherine proving that she is truly cured of her shrewishness and is the most obedient of the three newlywed wives at the end of the play. This is demonstrated in her soliloquy when she lectures the other wives on the proper way in which a woman should behave: I am ashamed that womenare so simple To offer war where they should kneel for peace, Or seek rule, supremacy, and sway, When they are bound to serve, love, and obey. (Act V, scene ii, l. 161 164) Although most critics interpret the play as being that of a woman finally acting the way in which she is supposed to act, it is difficult to believe that a character as vibrant and strong-willed as Katherine is changed so easily. Following with the device of false realities that Shakespeare set in place so early in the play, it would seem more logical that Katheri ne would simply be acting the part of the obedient wife in order to be accepted in the society in which she lives. Katherine can play a part very well and can even enjoy doing it. This is shown on the road to Padua from Petruchios house when Kate is forced to address Vincentio as a woman and says, Young budding virgin, fair and fresh and sweet (Act IV, scene v, l. 37). The Taming Of The Shrew is a light-hearted comedy that is better seen than read. This is especially true since a lot of the humour in it is physical or slapstick humour which is possible only on stage. The complexity of the play is refreshing, as many of the modern plays of today are quite linearand do little to keep a readers attention. Another favourable aspect of it is the subplot involving Lucentio and Bianca which lends itself as the basis for many humourous moments, mostnotably between Lucentio, Hortensio and Bianca. The obvious sexist attitude of the play does not hinder it because of the reasons stated above. One must also take into account the attitudes of sixteenth century England and the fact that the play is a comedy and is not meant to be taken seriously.

Creation Vs Evolution, Was Man Created Be An Almighty God, Or Is He Si

Creation vs evolution, was man created be an almighty god, or is he simply a product of modern science. This question has puzzled scholarly minds for many years and yet will for many to come. The one that makes the most sense to me and has the most supporting evidence, is evolution. Not the normal, goop to fish to creature to monkey to man, obviously I skipped some, but one not so greatly known. It is called punctual equalibrium. Punctual equalibrium is a type of evolution stating that the evolution of man was in quick great changes caused by radiation from solar flares. These solar flares caused mutations. If this is the way not only man but all organisms were formed than it would explain a whole lot. The Cambrian explosion, talked about by Graham Hudgens, in a presentation given by him to this very class, states that, " The earth's strata has a big gap between the Cambrian era and the pre Cambrian era. In the strata of the earth there is a layer abundant with life. This is the Cambrian era. Then there is a layer directly under it where there is nothing." This is where the Cambrian explosion occurred. Punctual equalibrium has a valid explanation for this. If a mutation occurred and multi-cellular life sprung from that mutation than punctual equalibrium clarifies it perfectly. It also has been said the chances of that happening are slim to none, but I disagree. There are many mutations in our world and in the animal world. So we know it isn't impossible. Opponents argue that these mutations are from human technology and only that but I disagree. Opponents also argue that a mutation is an inheritable change in the character of a gene. Stated by the Grolier multimedia encyclopedia. Mutations most often occur spontaneously, but they may be induced by some external stimuli, such as radiation or certain chemicals. The rate of mutation in humans is extremely low; nevertheless, the number of genes in a human, is so large that the chances of this occurring is high for at least one gene to carry a mutation. Creationists say that the monkey to man theory is impossible because there is no missing link. With Punctual equalibrium the missing link isn't missing because there is no need for one. The transition from is exempt. Finally, I see my beliefs as the correct ones, but I am open minded and am not scared of changing my opinions. I do challenge the rest of you to find a better fitting more probable solution to the question that has bewildered man for all time. How did we get here?

Gender, Management and Leadership The WritePass Journal

Gender, Management and Leadership Introduction Gender, Management and Leadership ). Her dominating behaviour helps Anne Wintour make sure that all business processes are controlled and monitored. However, Seperich and McCalley (2006) argue that the â€Å"fear of the boss† among employees may result in obstruction for creativity emergence, which is an integral part of business process in the fashion editing industry. Anne Wintour’s leadership style is driven by her willingness to bypass gender lines. This implies that she is willing to decrease the significance of sexism in the context of management and leadership (Daily Mail, 2011). Conclusion This paper was written to demonstrate differences in the leadership styles between the male and female CEOs. Anne Wintour of Vogue USA and Larry Page of Google Corporation were discussed and analysed. As a result of the case study analysis, it has been concluded that authoritative and democratic types of leadership work well in the context of organizational performance. This is mainly due to the fact that both companies have maintained a stable financial growth, and have acquired an international brand reputation. As a result, even though the authoritative leadership style of Anne Wintour might be considered as an obstacle to the productivity of the company; whereas Larry Page’s introvert character has also negatively affected Google’s performance, the vision of these leaders drive the success of the related organizations. Further research would be required to determine whether authoritative or democratic leadership styles are more suitable to particular genders. Also, the limitation in this analysis is that CEOs from different industries and with different leadership styles have been chosen. This may have led to analysis bias. References Abiodoun R. (2010). Leadership Behavior Impact on Employees Loyalty, Engagement and Organizational Performance. Author House: USA Bloomberg. (2012). Ambassador Anna Wintour Would Make the U.S. Look Good. Available: bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-04/ambassador-anna-wintour-would-make-the-u-s-look-good.html (Accessed on 6/2/2013) CNN Money. (2011). What would Larry Page do? Leadership lessons from Googles doyen. Available: http://management.fortune.cnn.com/2011/04/18/what-would-larry-page-do-leadership-lessons-from-googles-doyen/ (Accessed on 6/2/2013) Daily Mail. (2011). Anna Wintour claims she is not intimidating Vogue interns may beg to differ. Available: dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2030249/Anna-Wintour-claims-intimidating-Vogue-interns-beg-differ.html#axzz2KDbDbfUR (Accessed on 6/2/2013) Everett A., (2011). Benefits and Challenges of Fun in the Workplace. Library Leadership and Management, 25, 1, 1-10 Google Official Website. (2013). Available: www.google.com (Accessed on 6/2/2013) Lewin, K., Lippit, R. and White, R. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates. Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-301 Manning G., Curtis K. (2003). The Art of Leadership. McGraw Hill: USA Manlow V. (2009). Designing Clothes: Culture and Organization of the Fashion Industry. Transaction Publishers: USA Northouse, P. G. (2010). Leadership, theory and practice. (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Seperich G., McCalley R. (2006). Managing Power And People. M.E. Sharpe: USA Vogue Official Website. (2013). Available: www.vogue.com (Accessed on 6/2/2013)

Interview with a One-Year-Old Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Interview with a One-Year-Old - Assignment Example But the reaction of the child was as customary as it was in the prior and simpler questions. Since the beginning of the interview, when the child was asked about his night-time problems, it seemed that he was feeling little embarrassed and thus completely denied that to be a regular issue. He also overpowered his father referring him as ‘silly’ to ask such questions. Certainly, it was a better option for his father to change the topic and concentrate on the child’s issues with his mother. It also seemed that he had a few complaints regarding his mother’s attitude when the two were left behind at home, especially on Tuesdays and Thursdays. He accused his mother to be torturing on him on one day and getting annoyed on the other. However, he moved forth from the issues between him and his mother stating that on Fridays she is busy hitting the turtles even when there was no turtle in the house. Understanding that his son is ‘making up’, his father redirects the interview towards a more serious topic, focusing on the military actions of Pr esident Obama in relation to the capture of Osama-bin-Laden. With a remarkable gesture, the child agreed with the decision taken by President Obama which was quite an advanced comment but in a slightly impolite manner.

Disaffirmance of contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disaffirmance of contract - Essay Example Disaffirmance is the act whereby a person is allowed to renounce a contract that he or she entered in void of legal requirements coming from the contract. It is meant to guard the minors from unfair contracts, although it has its drawbacks. Therefore, to void a contract, an individual must show that he or she will not be ready or willing to be bound by the signed contract. For instance, in this case, Mathew Green was a minor therefore liable to disaffirmance of the contract he made with Caruana Chevrolet. The conduct of Mathew Green clearly indicated the he was about to disaffirm the contract since he knew a contract can be disaffirmed at any time as long as he is a minor or until he reaches eighteen. The Caruana Chevrolet had the right to deny repayment of the money that Mathew Green had paid them because when a person below the age of eighteen disaffirms a contract, the property that he or she has transferred can be retained or recovered to the third party, which is the Green famil y. It is significant to note that the law gives the minor the choice of disaffirming the obligations of the contract while the adult parties involved in the contract remain bound by it until the minor decides to disaffirm the contract, they cannot do it. ... The Caruana Chevrolet did not consider these issues while entering into the contract with Mathew Green because they believed that the relationship that existed between Caruana Chevrolet and the Green family could make Mathew Green not disaffirm the contract. There are some important exceptions in the disaffirmance contract in that a person under the age of eighteen is liable for the rational value of provisions of the contract. For instance, When Matthew did not have the car; he used a car pool to get to school and to work. Matthew’s father occasionally drove the car in a carpool with other parents and students. Several months later, the used car, which Matthew purchased, became inoperable due to a blown head gasket and Matthew Green gave notice of his disaffirmance of the contact to Caruana Chevrolet. Therefore, if Mathew Green is given $7,000 as the sale price of the camaro, the court may be required to amend the amount if the reasonable amount for the car is less. In this c ase, the Caruana Chevrolet should refund Mathew Green because the law allows a minor who disaffirms a contract to have his or her demands considered even if the content of the contract is destroyed by the minor. On the other hand, Mathew Green will have to pay some amount to Caruana Chevrolet for the use of their property. In this case, Matthew Green lived about six miles from his school and about one mile from his job and used the Camaro to go back and forth to school and to work. Therefore, he has to pay some money for reasonable value use of the camaro. The law demands that when a minor wants to disaffirm the contract, it should not be done abruptly but on time and in its entirety. In this case, Mathew Green gave notice of his disaffirmance of

Cessna Headquarters, Wichita, Kansas Essay Example for Free

Cessna Headquarters, Wichita, Kansas Essay The words â€Å"Cessna Skyhawk† have special meaning for anyone who has ever wanted to learn to fly. At 27 feet long and 8 feet tall, with a 36-foot wingspan, a 140 mph cruising speed, and room for two adults and their luggage, more people have learned to fly with a Cessna Skyhawk than with any other plane in aviation history. In fact, the Cessna Skyhawk is the best-selling plane of all time. Clyde Cessna built his first plane in 1911, and Cessna became a storied name in aviation. Cessna built 750 gliders for the army in World War II, introduced the Skyhawk in 1956, produced the first turbo-charged and cabin-pressurized single-engine planes in the 1960s, delivered its first business jet in the 1970s, topped $1 billion in sales in the 1980s, and then, in one of the worst downturns in the history of aviation business, nearly went out of business over the next decade and a half. Sales of general aviation aircraft, which had topped out at 17,000 planes per year, dropped to 12,000 planes within a year, and over the next decade finally hit rock bottom at 928 planes for the entire industry. During the same time, Cessnas sales of piston-engine planes, like the Skyhawk, dropped from 8,000 per year to just 600. Cessna was forced to lay off 75 percent of the employees at its piston-engine plane factories (Cessna also makes business jets and larger planes) and eventually stopped making piston-engine planes altogether. However, after the economy improved and the U.S. government approved the General Aviation Revitalization Act (barring product liability lawsuits on any plane over 18 years old), Cessna decided to start building its legendary Skyhawks again.

Americas Occupation of Puerto Rico :: American History

America's Occupation of Puerto Rico On July 25, 1898, American troops led by General Nelson Miles landed at Guanica and began the military invasion of Puerto Rico. Within three days, Miles and his troops secured the city of Ponce and rendered a Spanish surrender a matter of time. Although the Island was taken by force and placed under martial law, the general reaction to the United States invasion was very much positive. In fact, the Puerto Rican people admired U.S. political and economic ideals so much that one local newspaper told it's readers, â€Å"from a people who are descendants of Washington, no one should expect a sad surprise ... we trust, with full confidence in the great Republic and the men who govern her.† [1] Unfortunately that confidence was short lived, as the realities of American political and economic agendas set in and led Puerto Rico to be â€Å"stranded in a sea of ambiguity, racism, audacity and indifference.† [2] U.S. occupation of Puerto Rico was marked by severe contradictions o f so-called `American' ideals pertaining to new and established policies that were extended to Puerto Rico and these contradictions have had profound and long-lasting effects on the development of the island politically, economically and socially. In 1897, Spain established self-government in Puerto Rico and the people drafted a constitution. One year later, the Spanish would cede Puerto Rico to the United States and that constitution would go basically unrecognized. On the island, the local politicians realized that â€Å"`through fate of war' and the force of arms, their constitution was ... irrelevant.† [3] Although the islanders lost their constitution, their confidence in the U.S. coupled with a pledge from General Miles, in which he describes the U.S. goal as, â€Å"...to promote your prosperity, and to bestow upon you the immunities and the blessings of the liberal institutions of our government,† [4] had them expecting to eventually write a new and improved constitution as soon as the military government was abolished. Unfortunately, while the Puerto Rican people patiently waited for the Great Republic to deliver liberty, the Americans argued for almost two years about what to do with their new possession . On April 12, 1900, President McKinley signed the Foraker Act (also known as the first organic act) into law and sealed the political fate of the Puerto Rican people. The act called for a Governor, an Executive Council, and a House of Delegates to govern the island.

A Uniformed Education Essay

Even though it is believed that students need to make life decisions based on their own standards, instead of the procedures and guidelines set for them, and that this is vitally critical for them as they grow into adults. Uniforms are a good idea as it causes students to focus on their academics and learning rather than on latest fashions or what the next student is wearing, also to respect themselves, their instructors and each other. Students are more likely to feel safe in schools with uniforms and they are also more inclined to attend classes and perform better academically. Faculty members in an inquiry believed that uniforms increased the learning climate by reassuring morality amongst students, augmenting the communication between teachers and students and bettering the administration of discipline. Many school officials agree that wearing uniforms helps decrease bullying and student detachment, and many educators are convinced that school uniforms increase students’ a bility to thrive in the classroom. As Huss (2007) states, â€Å"School uniforms are tangible; they are seen as a concrete and visible means of restoring order to the classrooms.† Uniforms cause change in appearance and performance while in class. First, students are more likely to feel safe in schools with uniforms and they are also more inclined to attend classes and perform better academically. Students perform better academically when they feel safe and are not threatened in school. There has been a lot of scrutiny concerning school safety, due to the increased activity and violence of gangs in schools. After taking note of these actions (increased violence and gang presence) officials are always considering ways to establish the security of the students and the faculty. King (1998) states, â€Å"Those who fear for their safety in school or on the way to school may not learn effectively, and they may turn to truancy as a viable alternative to facing daily threats of violence.† School safety, a  more disciplined student and student learning is believed to be the outcome if school uniforms would be enforced. Wearing school uniforms helps a school limit the wearing of gang colors, theft and school violence. Enforcing school uniforms should be taken seriously considering the ability of them making a student feel secure and safe to learn. When uniforms are required and worn it makes it easy to identify those that are not from the school or that are actually out of uniform by wearing regular street clothes. Students from schools where uniforms were required reported they did feel more safe and compelled to be concerned more about their education and succeeding in the classroom than to have to identify who was a member or which gang from day to day. King (1998) states, â€Å"Approximately one in four students reports worrying about becoming a victim of crimes or threats at school, and one in eight reports having been victimized at school.† The wearing of school uniforms should be expected in all schools and not just targeted areas; this would increase the true benefit of wearing unifor ms in our education system. Creating a system where uniforms are worn in all schools would limit the thought of a school that actually has a uniform policy in place as being considered a bad school or unsafe to send a child. Uniforms should not be associated with a schools safety and or truancy problems. The safety of our children should be a priority every day. Additionally, teachers in a study believed uniforms enriched the schooling climate by stimulating morality amidst students, augmenting the interactions between the teachers and students and bettering control. Similarly, of the 5,500 principals surveyed as attendees of the National Association of Secondary School Principals’ annual conference in February 1996, more than 7-% believed that requiring students to wear uniforms to school would reduce violent incidents and discipline problems. Moreover, greater than 80% of Long Beach Telegram readers supported uniforms. (King 1998) â€Å"A school reported the effects of wearing uniforms and in the first year alone crime decreased by 36%, sex offenses by74% and physical fights among students by 51%.† (King 1998) Students have shown to behave at a higher standard when in uniform and it also has been reported to have an effect on the interaction between a teacher and student. When in uniform students mannerisms are different and they carry themselves in a higher regard. It is believed that both the students and teachers operate based on the way they are dressed. A school  official has been quoted as saying â€Å"Students here understand why they are in school†; â€Å"Students work hard to complete their assignments†; and â€Å"Students in this school have fun but also work hard on their studies.† (Murray, R. K. 1997) This in no way means that all students will act accordingly and excel academically, but it would assist in creating an environment where both students and teachers were a ppreciative of their school and more considerate to each other. It is believed that teachers interact differently with students when they are clothed in a more uniformed manner. Students have also been noted as having better mannerism and more care in how they handle each other as well as the faculty. Finally, the most important reason uniforms are a good idea as it causes students to focus on their academics rather than on the latest fashions because â€Å"wearing uniforms helps students to get into â€Å"learning mode† and reminds them to respect themselves, their instructors and each other.† (Wade, K. & Stafford, M. 2003) The administrators instantly point out that normally; purchasing school uniforms for a school year can cost between $80 and $90 per child, this cost is lower than what parents would spend when having to buy the designer clothing that a student desires. So, a student and parent would be better off purchasing uniforms financially which is looked at as a bonus in these economic times. Students in a school that requires uniforms are less likely to feel or receive peer pressure because of their lack of the designer clothing that other families may be able to afford. In a climate where uniforms are mandatory your family’s financial situation is not noticeable thus making it a more comfortable learning environment. A parent was quoted saying, â€Å"I know I spent less money and needed far fewer items of clothing for my children when they wore school uniforms.† (Walmsley, A. 2011) This also lessen the occurrence of the morning fights between parents and students as to what to wear for the day the selection is simple and minimal at the same time. At this age youths are at the point of attempt to find their own individuality and ideas of what suits them clothes wise be it baggy or tight jeans, cartooned t-shirts, and political clothing. Getting away from wearing those types of clothing and requiring a uniform causes the student to not focus on what someone is wearing but instead their schooling and academics which is way more important. Fashion should take a backseat when it comes to your education. A youth’s individuality can be expressed in other ways if shown  and at the same time there should be limits set on the possibilities of accessories worn with the uniforms. Students have been intensely wounded and or killed for their designer shoes, clothing and accessories. School uniforms are believed to cut down on these occurrences. Being dressed in a different manner has been shown to cause a different reaction in class and in a student’s day to day life. School climate has been shown to be related to student achievement as well as how students behave and feel about themselves, their school, and other individuals. Furthermore, positive school climate has been identified as a characteristic of an effective school. Given the significant impact of school climate on student achievement, practitioners should consider these new findings when considering implementing a school uniform policy as a means of improving school climate and student behavior. (Murray, R. K. 1997) Requiring uniforms in schools changes the climate and the reaction to learning significantly. Walmsley (2011) states, â€Å"Because students dress in uniforms, they’re reminded that their â€Å"job† is to be a student.† A uniform causes a different behavior and creates such a reaction in the students that their attitudes ch ange automatically. On some occasions students have even decided to opt out of the days allowed for â€Å"street clothes† after they have experienced a school uniform environment. When dressed in street clothes students tend to behave in a manner of â€Å"play† and not take their education as serious. Just as stated before when in uniform â€Å"they’re reminded that their job is to be a student,† it’s presenting them with the idea that during these hours you are expected to give your all and not limit yourself in anyway and behave in a more professional or sophisticated manner much like if they were going to an actual 9 – 5 job this behavior is expected from them. Indeed, while wearing a school uniform does not allow for self-expression some think that students should make choices in regards to life based on their own personal values instead of the precedent and governance chosen for them and this is important for their own well-being and development as they con tinue to grow up. Anderson (2002) states, â€Å"four basic reasons for promoting school uniforms: 1) enhanced school safety, 2) improved learning climate, 3) higher self-esteem for students, and 4) less stress on the family.† Uniforms are a good idea as it causes students to focus on their academics and learning rather than on latest fashions or what the next student is wearing because  wearing uniforms helps students get prepared and ready to learn and it reminds them that certain level of respect is required of them towards their instructors, themselves and the other students. The use and purchase of uniforms can also improve Schools should provide a safe environment for learning. Wearing uniforms could be considered a form of good discipline and causing students to learn and adhere to rules. Calling for uniforms in schools can reduce violence and propel our students into a better category academically in the world as a whole. The wearing of a school uniform may not resolve all or any of the problems that occur day to day in our schools now but there are some other benefits to wearing them and those benefits should be taken into account. (Lester 106-12) With classrooms today needing a more respect for teachers and each other wearing school uniforms can help with that. Conformity should be painless with uniforms being incorporated in our education system, as the guidelines are definite and straightforward. References Anderson, W. (2002). School Dress Codes and Uniform Policies. Policy Report. Washington, D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement. ERIC document ED 471 528. Huss, J. A. (2007). The Role of School Uniforms in Creating an Academically Motivating Climate: Do Uniforms Influence Teacher Expectations? Journal of Ethnographic & Qualitative Research, 131-39. King, K.A. (1998, January). Should school uniforms be mandated in elementary school? Journal of School Health. p. 32. Murray, R. K. (1997). The Impact of School Uniforms on School Climate. NASSP Bulletin, 81(593), 106-12. Wade, K., & Stafford, M. E. (2003). Public School Uniforms: Effect on Perceptions of Gangs Presence, School Climate, and Student Self-Perceptions. Education and Urban Society, 35 (4), 399-420. Walmsley, A. (2011). What the United Kingdom Can Teach the United States About School Uniforms. Phi Delta Kappan, 92(6), 63-66.

Relationship Between Vivian And Molly - 1125 Words

In any genuine friendship there are the differences between the people that spark curiosity, yet, it is similarities that draw two together to form a tight bond. This is evident in the friendship that starts between Vivian and Molly. Vivian, from outward show, does not display the slightest similarity with Molly. It is not until one examines the often tragic back stories of both that striking parallels begin to be made clear. By the time all is uncovered, the likenesses shared between Vivian and Molly far outweigh any disparities. In examining the relationship between Vivian and Molly, a perfect balance is struck in Orphan Train by Christina Baker Kline. In Orphan Train, Christina Baker Kline weaves a strong friendship between two characters, Vivian and Molly, despite a lengthy list of differences. The most blatant contrast, and the root cause of many other differences, is age and the separate eras both Vivian and Molly grow up in. In the span of her life, Vivian Nielsen, a ninety-one year old widow, experiences the Great Depression, World War II, and a technology boom impossible to keep up with. On the other hand, Molly Ayer is a sixteen year old tech-savvy foster child who uses â€Å"her Goth persona like armor† against an unsympathetic society (Kline 4). Another dissimilarity is ethnicity. Vivian is a first generation Irish immigrant and in being a Penobscot Native American Indian, Molly is unable to be more different than Vivian. While these differences seem apparent, the